Thursday, September 3, 2020

International Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Universal Business - Assignment Example The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a post-war foundation, which was basically set up as an endeavor to change world exchange. Before this, exchange settlements were led by International Trade Organization (ITO) and afterward by GATT. The finish of Uruguay Round in 1994 prompted foundation of WTO and this was a significant takeoff from GATT on two principle grounds. The first was consideration of better question settlement measure so as to advance worldwide participation and the second was incorporation of agribusiness and administrations in the understandings to fundamentally advance advancement of the creating nations. The motivation behind this paper is to break down the job of WTO in advancing monetary advancement among countries. The framework works in the extent of multilateral exchange understandings to add to monetary turn of events and work for all its part countries. The association has its central command in Geneva with 159 part nations. China was one of the last nations to have joined WTO, which impactsly affected the whole worldwide exchange (Faizel, 2005). One of the essential focal point of WTO since its initiation has been the advancement of free and reasonable exchange through multilateral dealings. The WTO includes all its part nations in the dynamic procedure to guarantee that results from the understandings are reasonable for all. The monetary justification behind this thought is that global exchange has a significant job in lightening of destitution. The WTO has understood that least-created nations are the most helpless ones and consequently, resolves to expand their cooperation in the multilateral exchanging framework, along these lines relegating equivalent significance to these nations (Klug, 2006). The errand embraced by WTO is an extremely unpredictable one since its part nations have diverse political, legitimate and efficient status. This implies created nations are in a superior position

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Inner Conflict free essay sample

The play Away, by Michael Gow, shows the inward clash of a character named Gwen who is attempting to acknowledge change and let her little girl go. Gwen and her little girl Meg are consistently in steady clash with one another; noteworthy that Gwen is losing control of her life. As she battles to keep up her hold on her little girl she fixes her grasp on her societal position. Her procession is the image for her status, â€Å"We’ve got a convoy, everything in it you could want†. The band has everything that a typical white collar class family would have at their home and shows that Gwen doesn’t need any change on her vacation as her convoy is an imitation of her home. Later a tempest comes and demolishes her troop hence annihilating her status and driving her into change. Gwen encounters change and is at long last ready to acknowledge it, she relinquishes her hold on her little girl consequently settling her contention. We will compose a custom exposition test on Inward Conflict or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The character Tom, in Michael Gow’s play Away, is encountering disturbance inside himself as he is kicking the bucket from Leukemia and his folks are persuaded that Tom not realizing will reduce the agony for him however in genuine actuality Tom thinks about his infection as of now. Every relative needs the best for one another yet this makes every individual endure alone and halting them in supporting one another. Tom needs his folks to accept that he doesn't know about the ailment so as to fulfill them, however this decision has lead him to enduring alone with his ailment. They show their clumsy relationship through duologues as every relative need the best for one another and their discussions are unbalanced, as tom realizes that his folks are misleading him so he is continually attempting to maintain a strategic distance from discussions with them. A case of their relationship is through this duologue; Harry: â€Å"when you have children you’ll hear what I’m saying. † Tom: â€Å"Come on father you’re getting tired† The contention that every individual is having, not having the option to come clean rather managing it inside, shows that internal clash can make extraordinary torment a person. In the movie 10 Things I Hate About You, coordinated by Gil Junger, Patrick Verona, an insubordinate young person, encounters a battle wether to tell his better half Kat that he was offered cash to date her and in this way chance his relationship with her. The method demonstrated is incongruity as he keeps taking hush-money despite the fact that he has said that he has begun to look all starry eyed at her. The accompanying duologue is a case of this; KAT: â€Å"Really? How right? An initial installment every so often a reward for laying down with me?

Friday, August 21, 2020

Relationship Between Rewards and Employees Motivation

Connection Between Rewards and Employees Motivation Writing audit Employees are among the key partners in practically all associations and their prosperity is ordinarily vital if an association needs to prevail in the lively business world.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Relationship Between Rewards and Employee’s Motivation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More As the trade world and its administration develop towards an increasingly entangled business and hierarchical condition, which has been a test to flourish through, a continuum of difficulties is continuously getting famous. Henceforth, keeping representatives on board is fundamental for corporate development (McCooey, 173). Hierarchical administration together with its fitness and its techniques towards overseeing human capital combined with how it keeps up the vital compatibility among workforces has been shaping various worldwide organizations discussions (Zingheim, Schuster, and Dertien 3). A finishing number of investigat es like examinations by Elton and Gostick (56-98), Gordon (84-112), and Kaye (106-139) have effectively connected on regular methodologies that associations utilize to enlist, hold, and save their representatives with considerable proof showing that these elements have been constant center discussions in various associations. The ability of a representative to stay faithful and committed to their association relies upon sensibly a few components and the majority of them have consistently remained underestimated and misinterpreted by associations and governments. On worldwide summation, overviews and studies directed inside created countries, particularly the United States of America have demonstrated that in spite of the brassy joblessness rates that are continually turning out to be mayhem to monetary development, there is impressively an intense ability deficiency in these nations. The U.S. Department of Labor Statistics (BLS) â€Å"reports an expanding pattern in deliberate term inations, and the pace of joblessness for individuals with higher educations is about portion of the national joblessness rate and is decreasing† (Scott, Mullen, and Royal 2).Advertising Looking for examine paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From this announcement, one would then comprehend that maintenance of basic gifts particularly the talented and experienced workers who are dynamic entertainers is fundamental during monetary recuperations especially in the ongoing decades where forceful market rivalry is famous. As expressed by Scott, Mullen, and Royal, key ability typically adds to present and future authoritative execution since they become solid movers of firm achievement (2). A continuum of studies exhibiting a positive connection between's representative prize procedures and worker Retention is developing exponentially. Worker maintenance and its status in ME Any association decided towards accomplishing its crucial, and targets or in any event, increasing a serious edge in the market, needs to comprehend the noteworthiness of regarding and remembering the criticalness of having potential representatives, clients and different partners. The mission to improve execution in associations is driving the business world into understanding viewpoints concerning representative fascination and maintenance, and progressive years may tear much from the present mediations (Philips and Connell 93). In its most clear way, representative maintenance may allude to the board methodologies set by associations to keep up their staff, workforce, or work power. Naris and Ukpere attest, â€Å"Qualified representatives are alarms and in this manner foundations should be proactive when creating maintenance methodologies and that maintenance should begin with the sets of expectations, direction program, enlistment and selection† (1078). HR held and regarded by their ass ociations, while gave various expert and monetary development openings remembering strengthening and prizes for their significant exhibition, feel roused and thusly reward their organizations through positive working (Hafisa, Shah, and Jamsheed 327).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Relationship Between Rewards and Employee’s Motivation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Employers utilize reward methodologies for representative maintenance. Representative maintenance in organizations working inside the Middle East nations where advertise for both human capital and modern items is developing fundamentally has been an illicit relationship of extraordinary financial concern. Attracting exercises from their partners most created countries including Germany, The United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and China, organizations in the Middle East have marginally started seeing the centrality of using reward techniques in holding their workforce. Be that as it may, it is as yet an oddity. As indicated by an as of late finished up 2012 review led by Deloitte, â€Å"employee confidence has been decreasing in Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) as Europe battles with obligation emergencies, the eventual fate of the euro, and expanded obtaining costs† (11). In this equivalent overview, of all mechanical workforce, met, around half of EMEA that records to 47 percent announced diminished degrees of assurance for as far back as year, as differentiated to 38 percent in American organizations and just 33 percent Asian Pacific zones (Deloitte 11). For the effective organizations with these countries, reward systems were famous. Normal Forms of remuneration procedures As a method of acknowledging and perceiving the hugeness of compensating key gifts and talented workforce that are center highlights of firm’s development, a few organizations have been utilizing an assortment of remunerations techniques. Normal ly, two types of remuneration techniques are utilized by association in repaying their workforce and they incorporate monetary and non-budgetary prizes (Hafisa, Shah, and Jamsheed 332).Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Money related prizes are fiscal blessings that businesses offer to their workforce relying upon various authoritative compensating conventions mainly to improve inspiration. As per concentrates by Podmoroff (72-108) and Thomas (63-127), rewards that don't include financial adjustments structure some portion of the basic prize systems that businesses use to spur workers. This type of characteristic inspiration is the best type of inspiration and it applies socio-mental methodologies. As anyone might expect, â€Å"financial impetuses help drive representative fulfillment, with almost seven out of ten (68 percent) exceptionally fulfilled employees†¦reporting great compensation bundle, however the nature of a company’s non-money related motivating forces s additionally a solid marker of generally speaking satisfaction† (Deloitte 5). This angle implies that both of these remunerating representative plans have consistently been critical in guaranteeing worker work fulfil lment, inspiration and all the more significantly, authoritative achievement or points achievement. Prize procedures and high worker turnover While attempting to comprehend the importance of remuneration systems as approaches towards representative maintenance, one must comprehend the unanticipated difficulties coming about because of worker turnover. Since worker turnover basically suggests to the rate at which an association relying upon its business arrangements lose or secure its workforce, a subject of enthusiasm from ebb and flow look into is ascending from this point (McCooey 172; Silverstein 84). A propitious relationship connecting absence of remuneration systems and the consistently developing difficulties in regards to controlling high representative turnover is assorted and persuading. Employer’s absence of duty to improve their compatibility with their workforce is bringing up issues about the high work turnovers experienced as of late inside the contemporary wor ldwide business domain. Compensating devoted, capable, and talented basic experts in a given association have related with more prominent prospects of lessening high representative turnover and improving efficiency too (Naris and Ukpere 1081). With associations blindfolded and unequipped for seeing the immediate expense identifying with high turnover coming about because of oppressive authority obliviousness contemplates uncover that consistent lose and addition of workforce brings about authoritative inadequacy since creation gets conflicting. High work turnover affected by profoundly qualified and experienced representatives, coupled by poor administration in associations ordinarily results to loss of assurance among laborers. Prize methodologies on maintenance As forthcoming certifiable connection exists between remuneration techniques and representative fulfillment, inspiration, strengthening lastly maintenance, much has extended on the degrees of work turnover that is getting h ard to oversee. Work turnover has been on standard discussions in organizations working inside Europe, Middle East, and Africa, with proof uncovering that high turn is getting unmanageable because of absence of vital administration moves toward that include worker maintenance measures (Shields 130). From a similar examination by Shields (130), inability to give great working conditions, combined with insignificant or non-presence of representative inspiration focused activities is making inconceivable oddity in keeping up HR in associations, as associations are overpowered to prevail with high staff turnover than keeping scaled down, however gifted workforce. Best associations have recorded paranormal tirelessness in monetary misfortunes by guaranteeing that they have occupied with representative solace and inspiration. Both budgetary and non-money related prizes have been key on-screen characters on spurring representatives acro

Tuesday, June 9, 2020

Troys Characters Research Paper - 1100 Words

Troy's Characters (Research Paper Sample) Content: Topic:Name:Institution:Date:Tracing and examining how Troys character changes over the course of the play. Is he a villain, a modern hero, a tragic figure or a combination of these? Troy transforms into a fearful, unloved and lonely person from his initial status as the center of focus on his social world and family relationship. Although, Troy tries to escape his life, he engages life and challenges death using his convictions. Troys character changes over the course of the play. His character displays a combination of various personalities; though he can be considered as a modern tragic hero. Wilson August depicted most of the characters having distinct roles which have made it easy for the readers to understand their personalities. Troy is the most difficult character to understand in the play. His mindset is fixed on the past; he faces tragic flaw because he does not let the past go. Troys life revolves around hardships, abuse, poverty, conflicts, and racial discr imination which had negative effects in his life including people around him. The aim of this paper is to justify that in this play, August Wilson wanted to make readers understand how complex Troy Maxson (the modern tragic hero of the play) is. Fences examines the conflicts in Troys mindset. He lives in a Christian-oriented society but believes that Christianity is not a religion for the black Americans (Shannon 127). He is convinced that Christian God forsaken African American people. The play is set during 1950s in which Troy is depicted as a garbage collector. He is so frustrated because he struggles with the impacts of abandoning school early in order to assist his father in doing farming. Poverty influenced him to start robbing and later he was imprisoned because he murdered somebody. In his fifteenth year in prison, Troy realized that he is talented in baseball sports. He remained determined to achieve his potential in the baseball game, though was denied the opportunity bec ause of his African origin. He does not go for church services to seek direction or comfort. Menson-Furr views that the play begins with Troy and Bono journey to home after completing their job on Friday (181). Troy is seen complaining about racial discrimination that black Americans are facing at workplace. He is angry that only white men are allowed to work as truck drivers while African Americans reduced only to work as garbage collectors. His upset also is triggered by unfulfilled talent of his baseball sports and having served imprisonment in jail for several years. All these negatively affect his relationship with his brother (Gabriel), his son (Cory), his wife (Rose) and other characters. Despite, he loves his wife; Troy has an affair with Alberta. Later, Alberta becomes pregnant, but she dies in childbirth; thus leaving the baby girl to Troy, who has no alternative, but asks Rose to take care of the child. He is a self-inflicted person; this is a problem that influenced him to deny his son obtaining scholarship through his football career. He becomes loveless, friendliness, and lonely when his secrets, anger, and fear begin affecting him, and consequently, his loved ones disrespect him. Lives of his family members changed, and they no longer depend on his presence. Wilson presents that although, people around Troy warn him that the actions he is doing have tragic effects, he stubbornly continues to follow his own actions (11). Troy is dissatisfied with his life. He is unhappy because racial discrimination stopped his interest in becoming pro baseball player. As the garbage collector, Troy feels unfulfilled and trapped. Cory obtains an opportunity to join college based on a football scholarship, although Troy declines to sign the permission paper. Troy claims that he does not want his son to experience suffering from the similar racial discrimination which barred Troy from becoming an active baseball player. This becomes a major problem when Troy inform s Corys high School football coach that Cory can no longer play football anymore. This ruins Corys hopes of joining college. Troy creates both small and big conflicts with all characters in the play (Snodgrass 27). He causes conflicts as a consequence of his ability to believe in self-created illusions. He believes in illusions as a result of his inability of accepting choices and reality in real life. Troy is a responsible person, but his thwarted dreams influence him to believe in self-created illusions (Elam 346). In the play, Troy entertains Rose and Bono with an epic narrative about his struggle with a personified death or evil character. Troy often re-inflicted his battle against Death Personified that he always narrates in a baseball terminology; although, with time this became a reality. He meets his death while fighting the rag ball he tied to a tree in the garden. During his funeral, Troys family members renewed their relationships; Rose gently advises Cory to abandon t he emotional fences which have been separating him with Troy. When he is so self-pitied and vulnerable, Troy talks about his pastime life experience rather than seeking Christian inspirations to heal his emotional wounds. He prefers the pastime life experience since they have cultural response of the African Americans to the situations which faced them. Such a belief cultural system is quite different from Christianity. Troy believes in such a cultural system that allows his marital infidelity and encourages the habit of extorting his brothers money. While his is not interested in Christianity, Troy is obsessed with his baseball game which is more relevant in his life. According to Shannon, whereas Alberta provides Troy with unconditional emotional and physical relationship, Gabriel offers him with a financial base (134). Troy thinks that he does not require any divine inspiration while such human alternatives are ava...

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Organizational Structure for Hydrobuck - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 897 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Junqiang (Jason) LI ISE 517 Dear Ms Wanda Fields: Whether a company is newly forming or already established, it’s very important that the company have a strong leadership system and effective organizational structure. In an effort to continue your company’s growth and vitality, I strongly recommend that Hydrobuck change organizational structure as Hydrobuck is now planning to design and produce motor in the 50-150 horsepower range. After careful consideration, I found the functional organization would be the best organizational structure for your company to reach your planned objective. Introduction to Functional Organization Functional Organizational Structure [pic] Figure 1: Example of Functional Organization From: Steve Benshoof Advantage of Functional Organization 1. â€Å"Highly flexible staff use† 2. â€Å"Ease of switching experts among projects in same functional division† 3. â€Å"Specialist pooling in functional division† 4. â⠂¬Å"Technological continuity† 5. â€Å"Quicker career advancement of specialists† Disadvantage of Functional Organization 1. â€Å"Project not client focused† 2. â€Å"Different goals between functional parent division and project† 3. Project manager competes with financial manager for role of central project responsibility† 4. â€Å"Slow response to client needs† 5. â€Å"Weaker project team motivation than in pure project organization† Functional organization would best suit the company’s current situation and objective. 1. Hydrobuck is a medium-sized company which doesn’t have a lot of human resources but needs to continue producing the small motors. Functional organization would be more advantageous than other organizational structures because it has highly flexible staff use and it’s easier for Hydrobuck to switch experts between small motors and large motors projects. . As pursuing the opportunity of the large motors is the main objective of Hydrobuck currently, functional organization would make it possible to pool specialist in functional division to focus on that project. 3. The internal workings of the large motors are quite similar to those of the smaller motors. Thus functional organization is more advantageous than other organizational form because it can provide the advantage of technological continuity. 4. Hydrobuck is the leading producer of small motors, and I believe the clients would be confident of the large motors Hydrobuck produced. Thus, although functional organization is not client focused, there will be no problem in marketing as long as the new product is of fine quality. Successful examples are everywhere in the market: Sony, who achieved great success with walkman, also made a great profit from walkman’s related products, such as Mini-Disc and Mp3 because of consumers’ confidence in Sony’s audio products. Moreover, purposely assigning a mark eting team to follow the client needs can help to pass the feedback from clients to the technological team and to reduce the negative effect of the disadvantages of slow response to client needs. . Hydrobuck is financially secure, so project managers can have full project authority and avoid competition between the project managers and financial manager over the responsibility for the central project. 6. The project team motivation would be stronger than in pure project organization because designing, producing and selling the large motors is the main goal of the project team. A qualified project manager could also play an important role in motivating workers. 7. This organizational form is more flexible compared with the other forms. As we don’t know whether the large motors project will succeed or not, this flexibility can be conducive to continue on producing small motors. 8. Functional organization is more superior in terms of tolerating the risk of failure of that pro ject. If Hydrobuck use functional organization, it would not rely on the success of the new project as much as using the other organizations, such as matrix project organization and pure project organization. Once the new project fail, Hydrobuck does not have to change the organizational structure. . Functional organization would avoid the stockpiling of expertise and equipment to assure a critical state is never reached since the expert and the equipment would not be attached to the new project and would be flexible to switch between small motors producing and large motor project. And since Hydrobuck is a medium sized company, and doesn’t have a lot of experts and equipments, the negative effect of stockpiling expertise and equipment would be relatively large. 10. Hydrobuck need to continue producing small size motors, and if functional organization is implemented, there will not be problems of inconsistency in carry out policies and procedures because the staff would wor k at a constant department and does not need to switch between project team frequently. 11. Although functional organization would be less effective in carrying out a project, two years will provide enough time for Hydrobuck to meet the objective of the large motors project. (see Figure 4) [pic] Figure4: Rated Effectiveness of Different Project Structures by Type of Project From Steve Benshoof Weighing the pros and cons of the functional organization, the functional organization is our best option since hydrobuck is medium-sized company and the leading producer of small outboard motors. Conclusion Functional organization have the advantages of 1)Highly flexible staff use; 2)Ease of switching experts among projects in same functional division; 3)Specialist pooling in functional division; 4)Technological continuity; 5)Quicker career advancement of specialists. All of them are of great benefit for Hydrobuck, which is a medium-sized producer of gasoline-powered outboard motors and a financially-secured leading producer of small outboard motors. If my suggestion is accepted, not only the Hydrobuck’s vitality and growth will continue, but that Hydrobuck can catch the opportunity of large outboard motors. I sincerely hope that you can seriously take my advice into consideration Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organizational Structure for Hydrobuck" essay for you Create order

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Difference Between Appearance And Reality - 2249 Words

Katrina Voorman December 15, 2014 Mrs. Norman Period 8 English III H Research Paper Many times, humans cannot-or choose not to-understand the difference between appearance and reality. For example, an actor or actress in a play dons a costume to portray a character. After doing so, the actor or actress play is no longer depicting themselves, but someone different altogether. Doing so alters the reality of whom they are in the performance and who they really are. Until they take off their costume, they are someone else entirely. In day to day life, many people hide negative emotions with a smile. A smile is the best guise against depressive emotions. It gives the impression that someone is okay, and that all is well. People assume that a smile means that someone is jovial, happy, or even in a neutral mood, when in reality, they are hiding how they really feel behind a mask. By doing so, people are able to conceal their true feelings and intentions. Shakespeare’s classic comedy, â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream†, presents â€Å"a deep ironic contr ast exists between manner and matter, between style and content, between the way people are behaving and what the words are actually saying.† (Rahn, â€Å"Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream – Sex, Satire and the Supernatural†, londongrip.co.uk) Throughout action in the play, many of the characters are unable to decipher the difference between appearances versus reality in numerous different cases. The disguises present in this classicShow MoreRelatedAppearance Vs Reality Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesAppearance and Reality There are numerous philosophical concepts that have been developed over the years. Great philosophical minds have come up with new ideas and created debates that have lasted for many years. Some of the most renowned philosophers include Socrates, Friedrich Nietzsche, Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Rene Descartes, Karl Marx, John Stuart Mill, and John Locke. Modern day philosophy borrows heavily from the work that was created by early philosophers. The philosophers have beenRead MoreThe Reality Of The Beholder From The Ancient Dialogues From Plato And Socrates1263 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Reality? I plan on discussing each section of this essay; however, they do coincide with each other in the topic. I will try to explain my reasoning on how they would question relates to one another. First, what is the difference between appearance and reality? What is the reality of being in a new place, instead of being in a society of other people around you? Does one person think they can another’s perception of their world? Does everything lead to good, and what is good in theRead MoreBorn in the 5th century BCE, Plato was a rationalist, idealist philosopher, believing that we are1100 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion of ‘What is reality?’, that he called the theory of Forms (Solomon, et al., 2012). According to Plato, the Forms are a perfect ideal of an object or a concept, which is unchanging and innate within us (Solomon, et al., 2012). It is because of the Forms, according to Plato, that we have the ability to know what something is even though we may not have seen that exact thing before (Solomon, et al., 2012). According to Plato, an appearance is what you see. The appearance is what we see, it isRead MoreEssay on Huck Finn: Appearance Versus Reality1157 Words   |  5 Pagesimpression they get. The appearance people see will usually satisfy them without further investigating into the reality of a situation. The difference between appearance and reality can be quite different. This also applies to literature. There are many instances where an author will describes a character as kind, but is actually deceptive and mean. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, there are characters and situations that show how appearances can differ from reality. The three main instancesRead MoreTartuffe: Truth and Religious Teachings Essay893 Words   |  4 Pages2850 TR54C October 13, 2009 The Illusions That Define Us: Appearance versus Reality â€Å"Men in general judge more from appearances than from reality. All men have eyes, but few have the gift of penetration.† That quote by Nicollo Machiavelli is simply defined as, what you see is not always what you get and few men have the gift of being able to see through an appearance. In Tartuffe and Monkey, appearances are far from reality in many instances. Even though both texts were written in differentRead MoreMacbeth - Appearance vs. Reality1537 Words   |  7 PagesAppearance vs. Reality – Macbeth: Commentary Macbeth is a play written by William Shakespeare, which focuses on the life of Macbeth. Out of the four Shakespearean play categories, it is categorized as a tragedy, as the events of the play ultimately lead to the downfall of the protagonist, Macbeth. The theme of appearance versus reality is constantly repeated throughout the play, as it greatly contributes to the development of the plot. The idea is constantly conveyed by the characters using a pleasantRead MoreThe Wachowski Brothers The Matrix811 Words   |  4 Pagesform of reality. The machines have enslaved humans by hooking them up to the matrix so that they can harvest them as an energy source. A number of people have been able to escape the matrix and they continue to fight the war against the machines in hopes of being able to free everyone still trapped within the matrix. Throughout the film the main characters Neo, Morpheus, and Trinity enter back into the matrix several times for various reasons. Because the film bou nces back and forth between realityRead MorePlato vs. Nietzsche1140 Words   |  5 Pageswere the reality and appearance; and what they mainly focused on is where we as humans stand between these two. Of course, regarding the fact that Plato and Nietzsche lived in different time periods, they had their differences that conflict with each other’s theories. But they do have something to agree upon; they both argue that humans live in an illusory world of our own that we think is reality when we actually are not. One important idea they disagree on is their concepts on what is reality and whatRead MoreOthello Essay, Appearance vs Reality1175 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history there has been a general understanding that appearances can be deceiving. A person may go through life without anyone understanding the true reality of their character. William Shakespeare, one of the greatest writers of all time, understood the relationship between appearance and reality and often g ave characters two sides to their personality. One of the most fundamental questions in philosophy is the one of appearance vs. reality. We find ourselves asking the question of what is genuinelyRead MoreEpistemology, By Robert Nozick918 Words   |  4 Pagesmust be believable or it will not be considered knowledge. Many people believe that knowledge is based off of only beliefs, but it’s also based off of truth too. You have to combine truth and beliefs into two to create knowledge, giving us the difference between the false and the truth. Epistemology is important due to the fundamentals of the way we think. In the article of â€Å"Conditions for Knowledge† Robert Nozick believes that a belief is somewhat of a fact without some truth. Nozick calls this

Wooquer Case Analysis free essay sample

?With the rapid evolution and expansion of the Indian retail environment, Madura FL’s ability to morph in response to market demands and consumer needs is nonnegotiable. Engaging and managing their workforce is highly important as success within the retail industry is directly correlated to supporting a consistent brand image and providing a superior customer experience. With broadly distributed locations and employee base, it is crucial that consistent standard operating procedures be established and implemented to facilitate their ambitious expansion plans. To address this issue, Madura FL should implement a cloud platform such as Wooqer to achieve operational effectiveness while enabling flexibility and real time collaboration to support consistency and innovation. In the effort to capitalize upon the rapidly growing apparel sector, leadership at Madura looks to increase revenues by increasing market share through expanding to new store locations. Arising with this geographic expansion is the critical need for efficient management of training, compliance, and SOPs. Coverage and consistency of these procedures is imperative to the operational efficiency and positioning of Madura, as a superior customer experience could not be delivered without a clear knowledge of the company, brand, and product. Customization and flexibility is also important to MFL as within a changing, competitive, and diverse environment, it is essential to innovation and establishing a competitive advantage in delivering value. With competition increasing within the sector, the assurance of quality, consistency, and superior customer experience is key to success and longevity. With values that honor human touch, empowerment, responsiveness to consumer needs, and effective communication, MFL looks to enhance their strategic positioning by harnessing the power of technology to implement a comprehensive approach that reflects these values. With operations over 5 channels and over 200 cities with 8 premium brands, maintaining effective informational systems and consistent standard operating procedures are essential to enabling Madura’s alignment with their company values. Engaging, developing, and managing the MFL workforce is first priority as the complexity of managing operations intensifies with expansion. The workforce must be well educated on SOPs, enabled with the resources to successful complete all requirements, and monitored to ensure quality. Given the geographic and demographic diversity of their locations, customization of the training modules must be enabled to facilitate responsiveness to customer needs through the empowerment of leadership, without violating consistency. Current IT solutions available to Madura lacked sufficient consistency and coverage capabilities and were ineffective in managing remote programs. Very few solutions were able to assist in SOP training compliance monitoring. These solutions also hindered Madura’s ability to innovate and adapt to changes in their company’s process, which in turn delayed access to pertinent business information resulting in ineffectiveness. Venkatagiri and Prakash state, â€Å"†¦large-scale IT systems were found to be rigid on the strategic front. ERP systems were criticized for prescribing business processes, rather than accommodating them†(2013). Significant investments have been made by MFL that arguably are capable of satisfying the future demands of the growing company. Multiple platforms were integrated to form a solution that addressed many of the issues faced in the early 2000’s. Their successful implementation of the ERP and SAP greatly improved the consistency of their implementation systems. However, though these strategies successfully enhanced their business practices, gaps still remained in communication, flexibility, and collaboration. â€Å"†¦it was difficult to incorporate mid-course changes as and when the company’s processes evolved. Consequently, any gaps in execution were patched by mechanisms such as emails, spreadsheets, phone calls, and SMS messages. This led to business information becoming inefficient to access†(Venkatagiri and Prakash, 2013). However, by choosing a more malleable solution such as Wooqer, not only would issues regarding the consistency in the training and management of the workforce be addressed, but business practices would be streamlined allowing for resource optimization. â€Å"†¦immediate benefits included the streamlining of various processes that were already running across the organization †¦we found ourselves being able to achieve a lot more with the same set of resources†(Prasad, 2012). With high user centricity and no infrastructure requirements, customization to specific roles, individuals, and geographies is enabled promoting innovation. â€Å"Wooqer has assisted in the democratization of ideas by making sharing of ideas and thoughts more free and open. It has also helped in seeking a majority opinion before implementing the key operational decisions† (Prasad, 2012). Consistent coverage and quality assurance would be ensured as training modules, skills training, etc. , could be provided online and feedback from consumers could be instantly addressed. Real-time analysis and reporting is also supported by a platform such as Wooqer, which increases operational effectiveness. With primary data sources readily available, effective decisions can quickly be made. â€Å"The platform’s analytics offered real-time visibility into usage patterns†¦client firms began to derive actionable insights on what was working and what was not. This led to better effort allocation and cost optimization across stores†(Venkatagiri and Prakash, 2013). Clients implementing Wooqer’s platform experienced approximately a 28% increase in consistency, 3x increase in coverage, and an 87% reduction in effort (Exhibit 10, p10). As MFL moves towards expansion, it is critical that they align their IT strategy with their goal of maintaining value. Effectively engaging and managing their workforce are issues that must be addressed as consistency of operation is essential to the success of Madura FL. To achieve this goal, a service such as Wooqer should be implemented to assist in integrating their business practices to enhance communication, collaboration, and innovation. By utilizing such a technology, the crucial establishment of consistent SOPs would be enabled, supporting its future expansion.

Tuesday, April 21, 2020

Nothing free essay sample

The menu is famous for integrating roasted nuts (hazelnuts, pistachios, almonds), GianduJa, Orange Peel, dried Strawberry bits, and more. Recently, Patchi introduced 5 new exotic flavors to its menu with Cotton Candy, Cheesecake, Peanut Butter in some of the recipes. [7] Presence[edit] A Patchi outlet in Taguig City, Philippines Expansion Network The business is well expanded and properly established at 28 countries spread amongst the globe with a great deal of focus on the Middle East The Home of Patchi as well as recognizable presence in North Africa, Asia Pacific, etc. Countries are: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Canada (Online), Egypt, France, Chinese Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Jordan, KSA, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico (Online), Morocco, Oman, Philippines, Qatar, Syria, South Africa, Tunisia, IJAE, I-JK, Ukraine, and USA. [8] As for the boutiques network it consists of 145 boutiques, fairly distributed according to market demand and expertise in the field. Patchis online boutique caters to the North American markets at http:// usa. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Patchi. com and http://canada. patchi. com. Worldwide Store locations can be ound on this page. Industrial network and divisions[edit] Patchi has a network of 5 factories, in: Lebanon, KSA, UAE, Syria Egypt. Aside from chocolate, Patchi runs 4 other manufacturing divisions, one which produces all packages (printing section), another that produces the Silver Line (Patchi Silver), the porcelain section (creation various fillings for chocolates) and finally the Flower division or in other words the section that caters for the development of chocolate decoration and all other forms of ornaments. nothing By poiuytrewqlkJhfdsa Nothing free essay sample It Is very important for me to express to you how much you really mean to me. Wish I could do this in person while holding you in my arms and gazing into your eyes But since we are physically separated by miles of emptiness, this expression must come In the form of letters such as this. Nice, I know It is difficult for you, as It Is for me, to have a long distance relationship. We had met through a social networking site and I keep on hoping to meet you soon In person.Although we have not seen each other yet, but Im pretty sure that my feelings for you Is pure ; true. Life seems to be full of trials in this type of relationship we have, which test our Inner strength, and more Importantly, our devotion and love for one another. After all, It Is said that True Love Is boundless and Immeasurable and overcomes all forms of diversity. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In truth, If It Is genuine, It will grow stronger with each assault upon Its existence.Nice, our love has been assaulted many times and I am convinced that It Is true because the longer I am away from you, the greater is my yearning to be with you. You are my Charming Prince and I am your devoted Princess. I cherish any thought of you, prize any memory of you that rises from the depths of my mind and live for the day when our physical separation will no longer be. Until that moment arrives, I send to you across the miles, my tender love, my warm embrace and my most passionate kiss. Love always, Nothing free essay sample D) pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs. E) a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes. 2. Which of the following occurs with the exhalation of air from human lungs? A) The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases. B) The residual volume of the lungs decreases. C) The diaphragm contracts. D) The epiglottis closes. E) The rib cage expands. 3. A person with a tidal volume of 450 mL, a vital capacity of 4,000 mL, and a residual volume of 1,000 mL would have a potential total lung capacity of A) 1,450 mL. D) 5,000 mL. B) 4,000 mL. E) 5,450 mL. C) 4,450 mL. 300-Organisms in water use countercurrent exchange for gas diffusion. A. How does this work? Blood flows in the opposite direction to water passing over the gills, blood is always less saturated with O2 than the water it meets (remember higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure! ). Gills have several outfoldings to increase surface area and exchange B. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why do organisms living in water need to do this? The water medium has inherently lower concentrations of oxygen and higher viscosity of air so countercurrent exchange helps to facilitate diffusion 400-1. The blood level of which gas is most important in controlling human respiration rate? A) nitric acid D) carbon dioxide B) nitrogen E) carbon monoxide C) oxygen 2. Blood carbon dioxide levels determine the pH of other body fluids as well as blood, including the pH of cerebrospinal fluid. How does this enable the organism to control breathing? A) The brain directly measures and monitors carbon dioxide and causes breathing changes accordingly. B) The medulla, which is in contact with cerebrospinal fluid, monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing. C) The brain alters the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid to force the animal to retain more or less carbon dioxide. D) Stretch receptors in the lungs cause the medulla to speed up or slow breathing. E) The medulla is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood. 1 BIO 102-BioJeopardy II Exam is February 27th 3. The Bohr shift on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is produced by changes in A) the partial pressure of oxygen. D) temperature. B) the partial pressure of carbon monoxide. E) pH. C) hemoglobin concentration. 500-How are gas exchange and circulation coordinated in the human lungs? Blood arrives in the lungs has low partial pressure of O2 and a high partial pressure of CO2 relative to air in the alveoli -In alveoli-O2 diffuses into the blood and CO2 diffuses into the air -In tissue capillaries, O2 diffuses into interstitial fluids and CO2 diffuses into the blood Birds do it, bees do it, †¦ 100-Evidence that parthenogenic whiptail lizards are derived from sexually reproducing ancestors includes A) the requirement for male-like behaviors in some females before their partners will ovulate. B) the development and then regression of testes prior to sexual maturation. C) the observation that all of the offspring are haploid. D) dependence on favorable weather conditions for ovulation to occur. E) the persistence of a vestigial penis among some of the females. 200-Name two reasons for and two reasons against asexual reproduction. For: -do not waste energy finding a mate -rapid reproduction colonization in favorable habitats -ensures gene pool is passed to next generation Against: -pathogens can decimate clonal populations -loss of genetic diversity -cannot easily rid population of harmful mutation 300-Internal vs external fertilization. Make one comparison and one contrast Comparison -both produce zygotes -both are sexual reproduction Contrasts -External-many gametes for both sexes (not just male) -Greater parental investment (internal) -invest reproductive energy differently b. Where and when does fertilization occur in humans? Oviduct/fallopian tube, ovulation 400-1. In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ, in that A) oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis happens in embryonic development. B) oogenesis produces four haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon. C) cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis. D) oogenesis ends at menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth. E) spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs, but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born. 2. Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that A) they both have the same number of chromosomes. 2 BIO 102-BioJeopardy II Exam is February 27th B) they are approximately the same size. C) they each have a flagellum that provides motility. D) they are produced from puberty until death. E) they are formed before birth. 00- For both men and women, the hypothalmus is releasing __________ which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete _____________ and ______________. GnRH, FSH, LH In turn, these hormones are in part controlled by what two main hormonal products in women and one main hormonal product in men. estradiol and progesterone, testosterone When does meiosis II occur for sperm and for a n oocyte? sperm- before ejaculated oocyte-after fertilization If It’s Yellow†¦ 100-1. The advantage of excreting wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that A) urea can be exchanged for Na+. B) urea is less toxic than ammonia. C) urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia. D) urea does not affect the osmolar gradient. E) less nitrogen is removed from the body. 200-Match the following with their excretory system 1. Earthworms (D) 2. Crickets (E) 3. Flatworms (A) 4. Humans (B) 5. Jellyfish (C) 300-1. Put the following in the correct order A. Ascending Loop of Henle B. Descending Loop of Henle C. Collecting Duct D. Distal Tubule E. Proximal Tubule F. Bowmans capsule and glomerulus F-E-B-A-D-C 2. Where are these tubes, etc found and are there many of them in the human body? Nephron of the kidney, Yes, ~80 million 3. After the last step listed here where does the filtrate go on its final journey out of the body? Renal pelvis to ureter to urinary bladder to urethra 400-1. Which one of the following is extremely important for water conservation in mammals? A) juxtamedullary nephrons B) Bowmans capsule C) urethra D) podocytes E) ureter 3 BIO 102-BioJeopardy II Exam is February 27th 2. What makes these components so special? Longer loop of Henle that goes deep into medulla 500-Picking 2 components, explain how they work to concentrate urine. Proximal Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Tubule Collecting Duct In the Nephron Cortex: †¢ Blood flows from the renal artery into the afferent arteriole †¢ Blood enters the capillaries of the glomerulus where blood pressure forces filtrate into the lumen of the Bowman’s capsule (filtrate consists of salts, glucose, and other small molecules – no blood cells or plasma proteins as they are too large to filter through the capillaries) †¢ In the proximal tubule: From the Bowman’s capsule, filtrate passes through the Proximal tubule where Na+ (which results in passive transport of Cl- ions in the form of NaCl), K+, glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate buffer and other nutrients are absorbed into the interstitial fluid and transported through the peritubular capillaries (water follows via osmosis as the interstitial fluid becomes hyperosmotic to the filtrate) Also the site of waste filtration (like processed drugs from the liver) via nonselective filtration from the interstitial fluid and surrounding tissues This is also the site of pH regulation of body fluids as transport epithelium secrete H+ and buffering NH3 to form ammonium ions (NH4+) In the Medulla: †¢ Loop of Henle 1) Filtrate enters the Loop of Henle from the Proximal Tubule 2) Descending Limb carries it down into the Medulla. . Descending Limb is semi-permeable. Water may pass through but ions may not. . Medulla has high osmolarity, causing water to pass from the Loop of Henle into the Medulla. 3) Ascending Limb carries filtrate back up from the Medulla . Ascending Limb is not permeable to water . Dissolved ions are actively transported from the filtrate into the Medulla, increasing its osmolarity. 1) Blood travels through the Vasa Recta in the opposite direction of filtrate in the Loop of Henle. 2) As blood travels down into the medulla, it absorbs some of the ions transported from the Ascending Limb, increasing osmolarity. 3) When blood flows back out of the medulla al ongside the Descending Limb, water is reabsorbed from the Medulla, maintaining its high osmolarity. III. Summary 1) Both the Loop of Henle and the Vasa Recta are countercurrent multipliers that act to conserve water. 2) About 90% of the water in the filtrate is reabsorbed into the bloodstream by the time it reaches the Distal Tubule. Back to the Nephron Cortex: †¢ In the Distal tubule: Much like the proximal tubule but primarily focused on NaCl reabsorption and K+ secretion into the filtrate pH regulation via reabsorption of bicarbonate and secretion of H+ ions into the filtrate Collecting Duct: †¢ The collecting duct then carries filtrate into the renal pelvis †¢ Site of urine concentration / dilution When kidneys are conserving water, surrounding interstitial fluid is hyperosmotic to the filtrate, thus aquaporin allow water to pass through the walls of the duct into the interstitial fluid 4 BIO 102-BioJeopardy II Exam is February 27th When kidneys are expelling water, surrounding interstitial fluid is hypoosmotic to the filtrate, thus kidney reabsorbs salts into the interstitial fluid without letting water follow MisMash 100-1. How is most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood in humans? A) bicarbonate ions in the plasma B) CO2 attached to hemoglobin C) carbonic acid in the erythrocytes D) CO2 dissolved in the plasma E) bicarbonate attached to hemoglobin 2, Hydrogen ions produced in human red blood cells are prevented from significantly lowering pH by combining with A) hemoglobin. B) plasma proteins. C) carbon dioxide. D) carbonic acid. E) plasma buffers. 200-1. Most marine invertebrates are osmoconformers, so this means that compared to the seawater around them, they are Hypoosmotic, Hyperosmotic or Isoosmotic. Isoosmotic 2. What happens when you put one in a freshwater environment? They will be hyperosmotic to their environment and will not be able osmoregulate and will take on water from environment 300-organisms have evolved several different methods to maximize the efficiencies of different processes. Explain how the organisms have evolved. 1. Deep sea diving mammals such as the Weddell seal and gas exchangecarry 5x amount of oxygen as humans, slow heart rate and limit blood circulation to vital organs 2. Albatrosses can drink salty water -have salt glands consisting of arteries, veins, capillaries and secretory tubules designed to remove remove salt from the blood 400-Materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate by which of the following processes? A) filtration B) ultrafiltration C) selective reabsorption D) secretion E) active transport 500- 1. How does ADH function at the cellular level? A) ADH stimulates the reabsorption of glucose through channel proteins. B) It triggers the synthesis of an enzyme that makes the phospholipid bilayer more permeable to water. C) It causes membranes to include more phospholipids that have unsaturated fatty acids. D) It causes an increase in the number of aquaporin molecules of collecting duct cells. E) It decreases the speed at which filtrate flow through the nephron leading to increased reabsorption of water. 2. How do ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis? A) ADH monitors osmolarity of the blood and RAAS regulates blood volume. 5 BIO 102-BioJeopardy II Exam is February 27th B) ADH monitors appropriate osmolarity by reabsorption of water, and RAAS maintains osmolarity by stimulating Na+ reabsorption. C) ADH an RAAS work antagonistically; ADH stimulates water reabsorption during dehydration and RAAS removal of water when it is in excess in body fluids. D) Both stimulate the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone which increases both blood volume and pressure. E) Only when they are together in the receptor sites of proximal tubule cells, will reabsorption of essential nutrients back into the blood take place. 6

Sunday, March 15, 2020

Free Essays on Westward Expansion

Westward Expansion The Affect on Native Americans Writer and historian Noel Ignatiev posed the question, â€Å"What is the role of westward expansion in American culture?† His answer points the reader in an entirely different direction than a person of average patriotic and historic beliefs would have expected. What was and is our belief about ourselves as we examine the westward expansion are both as enlightening as it is painful. This, of course depends on whose historical perspective it is. The proud history widely recognized by most Americans, focuses on the story of the Puritans quest for freedom and the expansion west as natural extension of this movement to the new continent. It tells of the struggles and successes, colonization of the new world, as well as the heroic fight for independence from England. However, from the perspective of the black slaves or Native Americans, the story of our heritage and the subsequent expansion west is much less than heroic. It is a story of man’s inhumanity to his fellow beings.1 During the nineteenth century just after the War of 1812 there was a significant migration of people with no land and no slaves to remaining lands in the east. Around this time speculators were making a great deal of money selling land, sometimes making ten times what they would pay for it. Professor William Scarborough in an Internet article about the Indians displacement in the 19th century writes of one man, â€Å"Guy S. Whitfield of Alabama, who said he was making a thousand dollars a week for land speculation.† When the land was purchased it need to be cleared and worked. The demand for labor increased and contributed to the growth of the slave trade. â€Å"Mississippi, 1. Noel Ignatiev, â€Å"Noel Ignatiev on the role of westward expansion.† Judgment Day, pars. 1-4 [article online] accessed 16 February 2003. Available from pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4i3098.html. for example, the slave... Free Essays on Westward Expansion Free Essays on Westward Expansion Westward Expansion The Affect on Native Americans Writer and historian Noel Ignatiev posed the question, â€Å"What is the role of westward expansion in American culture?† His answer points the reader in an entirely different direction than a person of average patriotic and historic beliefs would have expected. What was and is our belief about ourselves as we examine the westward expansion are both as enlightening as it is painful. This, of course depends on whose historical perspective it is. The proud history widely recognized by most Americans, focuses on the story of the Puritans quest for freedom and the expansion west as natural extension of this movement to the new continent. It tells of the struggles and successes, colonization of the new world, as well as the heroic fight for independence from England. However, from the perspective of the black slaves or Native Americans, the story of our heritage and the subsequent expansion west is much less than heroic. It is a story of man’s inhumanity to his fellow beings.1 During the nineteenth century just after the War of 1812 there was a significant migration of people with no land and no slaves to remaining lands in the east. Around this time speculators were making a great deal of money selling land, sometimes making ten times what they would pay for it. Professor William Scarborough in an Internet article about the Indians displacement in the 19th century writes of one man, â€Å"Guy S. Whitfield of Alabama, who said he was making a thousand dollars a week for land speculation.† When the land was purchased it need to be cleared and worked. The demand for labor increased and contributed to the growth of the slave trade. â€Å"Mississippi, 1. Noel Ignatiev, â€Å"Noel Ignatiev on the role of westward expansion.† Judgment Day, pars. 1-4 [article online] accessed 16 February 2003. Available from pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4i3098.html. for example, the slave...

Friday, February 28, 2020

Human resources in hospitality & Marketing Hospitality Research Paper

Human resources in hospitality & Marketing Hospitality - Research Paper Example Managing human resources in hospitality is a challenging experience that requires effective planning and high level of competency (Hayes & Ninemeier, 2009). An article by Jarpi (2007) explains more about human resource in hospitality. The article explains that owners of hospitality business must be rational critical thinkers and have deep understanding on the changing rules and regulations. The author further argues that promotion of employees in the hospitality industry should be based on skills and experience. Incompetent workforce is dangerous to work with since it contributes to poor performance of the business. In this regard, effective policies should be put in place to ensure smooth operation of the workforce in an organization (Ming-chih, Haiyan & Kevin, 2011). Marketing hospitality refers to the process of selling out products and services of a hospitality firm to the target market. Marketing hospitality takes different forms, for instance; advertising, product promotion, offering of competitive prices, branding and many others.. According to Reid & Bojanic (2010), effective marketing strategies should be employed in order to boost sales and profitability in the hospitality sector. Fields (2014) wrote an article postulating various hospitality marketing strategies that can be used to boost the profits of a hospitality firm. The article states that extensive market research and establishment of realistic plans for achieving the foreseen goals and objectives of a business firm are the basic factors to success. In addition, Fields further states that, accountability is a crucial factor to consider as far as marketing hospitality is concerned. The article outlines that advertisements can be done through the print and electronic media, depending on the target market and the firm’s financial position. The modern technology has aided in providing numerous avenues for posting advertisements. For instance, the use of social media

Wednesday, February 12, 2020

Wells Fargo & Company Financial Ratios Analysis Research Paper

Wells Fargo & Company Financial Ratios Analysis - Research Paper Example The bank has positioned itself with a niche in specialized lending activities. It is the nation’s largest consumer lending bank with profits as high as $4 billion for the third quarter of 2011. Since 2008, Wells Fargo & Company has enjoyed increased revenue year by year until 2010. The three quarters for 2011 have however, experienced an increase in its earnings. The highest rise in its net income was attained from 2008 to 2009 of 362% increase i.e. from $ 2,655, 000 to $12,275,000. This has since then stabilized at the $12million range. Financial ratios analysis Profitability ratios Return on assets The ratio was 0.96% in 2008 and has risen to 5% in 2010. The return on assets has been increasing steadily from 2009 to date. It rose sharply in 2008/2009. Investment in bonds and notes, preferred and common stocks and other securities in its diversified portfolio of assets have seen a tremendous rise in its assets for the last three years. The ratio indicates that the returns from use of assets in the company are effectively invested in to generate high earnings for the bank. A comparison with the peer shows a big difference. The peer has ROA of 2.2% currently and the trend for the 4 years is an increase from 0.8%. Return on equity The ratio rose sharply in 2008 – 2009 then has stabilized for the following years. The ratio was at 4.84 in 2008 then rose to 10.42. Currently, the range is 10 – 11. That of its peers rags behind with 2008 having a negative of 3.86, and in 2010 a ROE of 5.10. Wells Fargo and Company has doubled its ROE in comparison to its peer group. The ma nagement team of Wells Fargo & Company has done a tremendous job in investing the shareholders equity and generating a high return therefrom. The return on equity is very high compared to its industry. The management has achieved this high mark through the investment strategies it has adopted. The company retained earnings are as high as $61 million this year compared to $48.9 million in September, 2010. These have been used as internal equity for reinvestment. The company investments are seen as a high diversified portfolio in the different sectors of the economy. The 4 year analysis of Wells Fargo financials indicate that both preferred and common equity is in surplus. The company is not highly geared, but it uses its earnings for investment purposes. The year 2008 experienced a huge increase in its equity when the company added its share capital. Efficiency ratios: Net Interest Margin – This is a measure of the difference between the cost of funds and the income generated by those funds. This stands at highs of 20.66%. The increase is owed to the reduction in provisions for credit losses. Net Noninterest Margin - Measures fees and service charges relative to noninterest expenses. It stands at 9.62%. This has resulted from the decrease in operating expenses that are not directly related to credit taking. Net Operating Margin The figure stands at an increase of 30.28% in 2011. This is owed to both reduced noninterest expense and the provision for credit losses in the year. Earnings per Share This stands at 0.72 in 2011 and has increased for the 7 consecutive quarters. This indicates that the company’s efficiency is high although its revenues have decreased. Earnings Spread This stood at 6% in 2010 compared to the third quarter of 2011 of 22%. Its peers have however, managed highs

Friday, January 31, 2020

Psychology of Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology of Women - Essay Example The first portrayal of bias in the media is seen through the concept of feminism, which is represented by the main character, Margaret Tate. This character is seen as an independent woman from the beginning, and is often referred to as a witch by others in the office. Margaret is recognized as successful and as an editor that is able to help her publishing company reach more success. The feminist perspective and bias that is noted from the beginning is one that shows the independence of the working woman and the way that women who are independent act toward others. For a woman to carry this level of success, compromises of being a woman are made. As the movie continues, this is seen as Margaret reveals that she has given up a social life and marriage for the sake of the business and to be an independent woman. This relates directly to the juxtaposed debates of feminism, which states that working women can’t be housewives and often compromise ideas of femininity for their succe ss. This results as an expectation from society and what is occurring among others in the office. The concept of feminism and independence is one of the most important aspects of this film with the reversal of expectations that begin to occur. This relates directly to the main plot, which shows Margaret asking Andrew to marry her for the sake of her job. Margaret takes the role of a male in her assertiveness and in her proposal to Andrew at the beginning of the film. The media portrays Margaret as the feminist who is independent and who will do anything for the sake of her job while leaving behind her traditional role. This is important for the identity of feminism and the perception of how women take this role in society. However, the media also shows the underlying tone of feminism and how this is an illusion. By the end of the film, Margaret is seen as

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Poetry Comparison on The Flea and To His Coy Mistress Essay -- Papers

Poetry Comparison on The Flea and To His Coy Mistress I would firstly like to begin on 'The Flea'. This poem is about a man that is trying to persuade a woman to have sex with him, by symbolically using a flea. The content of the poem is very much the same throughout the whole of the poem. In the first stanza, the poet is basically talking about how the flea represents their coming together and in the last two stanza's the poet tries to then persuade the woman to have sex by using different tactic's like guilt etc. To the end of the second stanza the woman whom is being seduced, kills the flea and is clearly stating that she will not go to bed with the poet. Following this he tries to tell her that it is cruel and unjust and a sin against God, and what she has done is wrong and there is also nothing wrong with sex before marriage. The poem is set in the 17th century and I think the poet feels very strongly about what he is saying, and takes it very seriously. I also think that the poem works very well with its comparison to the flea, and I think that the author has been very clever in what he has said. Secondly, I would like to talk about 'To his Coy Mistress'. This poem is very much the same as 'The Flea' and has many similarities. Again the poem is based upon a man trying to get a woman to go to bed with him, and is too set in the 17th century. The poem is split into three stanzas and each of them differs from the next, although still trying to get across the same message. In the first verse the poet is trying to flatter the woman by using complimentary language and words such as, "a hundred years should go to pra... ...s he proves to be less than adequate ' shimmying in & out every other day as though he owned the place'. He shows interest in only one thing and expects her to do all the work and 'weave the means of her own escape'. She is patient and encouraging at first, holding out hope that she might be able to guide him towards something at least a little closer to her idea of what a man should be like. However, he fails completely in this respect and she ends up speechless with frustration and tears herself in two. I think all in all when love is concerned in poetry nowadays it is a bit of a mockery and no one ever takes it that seriously. People think that love is something to be laughed at and never something to be admired. So I think love poems have changed a lot, although there are still some poets who have the right idea.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

De-icing operations at Minnesota Saint Paul

Executive SummaryThis study explains the consequences of research into how de-icing operations at Minnesota Saint Paul could be improved. The findings were that this airdrome should utilize a combination of infrared warming and antifreeze crop-dusting in order to defrost aircraft in a fast, safe, cost effectual and environmentally friendly manner. The de-icing procedure is called the â€Å" thrust through method † and this study has backed up its probe through elaborate computations and the usage of a determination matrix to compare the benefits of the thrust through method against utilizing others. Although there are some jobs such as its comparatively long payback clip of 2.5 old ages, plus risk the airdrome may hold to pay license fees due to patents on the engineering, the benefits of the thrust through method outweigh these drawbacks. One ground for this is that after the payback period the airdrome will do an one-year economy of about $ 7,080,000IntroductionRationale for the research The procedure of taking ice, hoar or snow from the surface of an aircraft is known as aircraft de-icing. This is an indispensable process because if these substances accumulate on an aeroplane they will magnify the retarding force force that the plane experiences. This will cut down the ability of its wings to bring forth adequate lift force to let it to take-off or tactic whilst in flight. Besides, harm could be caused if a big piece of ice dislodges from the plane and hits sensitive constituents like its engine. This could take to riders losing their lives in a clang and others losing their belongingss. The Federal Aviation Administration, FAA, modulate all major civil air power operations in America. One of their regulations is that aircraft must be free of ice before takeoff and during flight. Background This study uses Minneapolis Saint Paul ( MSP ) airdrome, Minnesota, as its primary instance survey. This is because aircraft at this airdrome often needs to undergo make up one's minding as a consequence of the cold clime before, during and after winter in that part. MSP airdrome spans 3,400 estates, has five tracks, five de-icing tablets and â€Å" served more than 32 million travelers in 2009 doing it 15th in the United States andA 30th in the universe in footings of figure of riders served yearly. † ( MSP Airport, 2010 ) De-icing is presently carried out at MSP airdrome by operators who spray an ethylene-glycol based aircraft de-icing fluid onto planes. Storm H2O drains to roll up the waste fluid, before it is transported by a truck to a recycling installation to be treated. It needs intervention because its high Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) makes it harmful to the environment. Research Aims and Aims This probe aims to happen a method and chemical to utilize for de-icing planes which is more environmentally friendly, cheaper and faster than that which is presently used in MSP airdrome. It should be a â€Å" entire solution engineering † which eliminates/reduces all the jobs that the current de-icing method causes without bring forthing damaging side effects. These purposes will be achieved by finishing the undermentioned aims: Identify a replacement de-icing fluid which has the same/better de-icing functionality but costs less and is safer than the one presently used in MSP airdrome. Find a better manner to recycle the waste de-icing fluid Ensure that the new utility chemical allow de-icing fluid to be recycled Find another manner to take snow from aircraftGENERIC DESIGN PROCESSAdministrations frequently use a generic design procedure as they turn a merchandise thought into a manufactured point. Using a systematic, good organised designed procedure helps to cut down the research and development clip that a fresh merchandise experiences. The design squad for this undertaking used a generic design procedure and the actions that they took at each phase are detailed below: Merchandise Planning – First the squad used merchandise planning to assist do that dependable and valid research was carried out directly off. This started this by keep backing a treatment in which they clarified the purpose and aims of the undertaking. Then they identified their strengths and failings in relation to these aims to assist them take which responsibilities they were responsible for. Finally they agreed upon timescales in which to accomplish each aim. Designation of Customer Needs – Customers demands guided the squad ‘s merchandise inventions that were found. The squad held interviews with a representative from each major stakeholder group in the air hose industry, such as the air hose director and spray operator, to let them to voice their demands. This made it easier for the squad to put merchandise specifications and design a merchandise that they would O.K. . Constitution of Product Specifications – The client demands were ranked in order of their importance. The rank of each demand was relative to a weighting, tungsten, which was later used in a determination matrix. This information was used to bring forth merchandise specifications which were further defined utilizing prosodies. Coevals of merchandise thoughts – A insight was held to bring forth merchandise thoughts. This was utile because it encouraged the squad to construct thoughts on top of one another. From this they saw similarities between thoughts and linked some of them to specify a entire solution engineering. Choice of merchandise thoughts – A determination matrix was used to quantitatively compare the importance of each client demand in relation to the merchandise thoughts. The merchandise with the highest mark was selected for proving. Testing – The entire solution engineering was further evaluated in footings of its public presentation and economic viability. Because it was really good its specifications were was sent to industries so that they could construct a paradigm. Figure 1 – An illustration of the generic design procedure Figure 1 illustrates the merchandise design methodological analysis which begins with merchandise planning and ends with proving and industry. The flecked lines show that if one phase of the design procedure did non give advantageous consequences the squad would travel one or multiple phases back in order to polish their old purposes. Then they would progress through each phase of the procedure once more until they reached the concluding testing and fabrication phase. This process of measuring and re-assessing merchandise developments ensured that hapless designs were eliminated or improved before they reached the testing and industries phase.NeedAssorted clients have an involvement in aircraft de-icing operations ; these persons are referred to as stakeholders. The success of this venture will depend on how good it meets the demands of these persons. Hence, the squad evaluated each stakeholder ‘s demand utilizing an interview and ranked it harmonizing to its importance.Informa tion GatheringThe stakeholders were identified on the footing on who will pay for, sell, usage and run the de-icing engineering, these included air hose pilots and riders etc. They were interviewed and their responses are summarised below.Spray operatorQ1: How do you defrost a plane? â€Å" A container on a truck is filled with de-icing fluid which is assorted with H2O to a 50 % concentration by volume. I sit in an enclosed cabin and heat the fluid onboard the truck to 70oC before I spray it onto the plane until all the ice thaws. †Airport directorQ2: How of import is the BOD of a de-icing fluid? â€Å" Very of import, we pay the intervention works about $ 0.35 per US gallon and the monetary value goes up if the BOD additions. Our airdrome is fined if the BOD5 discharged to the environment exceeds 900 metric tons per twelvemonth. Q3: How long would you anticipate to wait for a return on your investing? â€Å" 1.5-2 old ages † Q4: How much does ethylene glycol cost? â€Å" The norm is $ 5-7 per gallon. † Q5: What safeguards were taken since your last incident? â€Å" We thought of retraining staff, but now operations are run by an outsourced concern. De-icing tablets and a drainage system were installed. †Aircraft directorQ6: What do you believe of incorporating a warming system onto aircraft? â€Å" Not ideal for commercial planes because it ‘s expensive †Air traffic accountantQ7: How severe is the break caused by aircraft de-icing? â€Å" During the extremum of the winter season there are regular holds. Aircraft must be de-iced once more if they exceed a holdover clip of 5 proceedingss. †Ranking of demands and ‘sanity check ‘The squad identified the most of import stakeholder demands and ranked them as listed below. Each demand was given a weighting, tungsten, harmonizing to its rank as portion of a ‘sanity cheque ‘ . Table 1 – The rank of each stakeholder demand and its weightingNeedWeight-ing, tungstenReasons1 ) Safety4 Safety was the top concern of every stakeholder. Aircraft at MSP airdrome can merely transport riders if they obey safety ordinances set by the FAA.2 ) LifeCost3 Some stakeholders disagreed on fiscal issues sing how much hard currency should be spent on certain points. e.g most spray operators would wish luxury de-icing cabins whereas airdrome directors would instead put the money. However, all stakeholders agreed that no de-icer with a high life-time cost would be acceptable.3 ) Speed2 Slow de-icing can do net income losingss due to detain flights.4 )Environmental impact1 Although the airdrome will be fined for doing inordinate pollution these costs are usually absorbed by clients.Constitution OF PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONSMost of the demands highlighted by stakeholders were expressed in a qualitative mode. They needed to be converted into specifications in order to avoid fiddling yet expensive betterments being made to MSP airdrome. To make this the worst instance de-icing conditions that could potentially take topographic point at MSP airdrome were defined and as portion of saneness cheque. Following prosodies were used set up specifications for merchandise and procedure design methods that could get by with the worst instance de-icing scenarios at the airdrome. Specification 1 – Annual length of operation The day of the months in which the planes will necessitate to be de-iced scopes from November to early April because on these day of the months the temperature in Minneapolis Saint Paul is below stop deading. Therefore, any new de-icing method must be able to run through this period of 5 months and 1 hebdomad ( 157 yearss ) every twelvemonth. ( Figure 2 ) Figure 2- The mean last temperature in MSP every twelvemonth from 1971-2000 Specifications 2 – The instance survey aircraft and its ice coverage The mass of ice on a plane was calculated utilizing a worst instance scenario, which was that one of the biggest commercial rider planes ; the Boeing-747 ( BBC, 2007 ) needed to be de-iced. It was assumed that the top country of both its wings was covered by a 1cm thick bed of ice. Flying country ( Boeing-747 ) = 541.2 M2 ( Airliners, 2010 ) Ice Thickness = 0.01m Ice Coverage 100 % i Volume of ice on wings, Volice = 5.412 M3 ( App. 1, Eqn 1 ) Density of ice, I?ice = 917kg/m3 ( Kotz, 2009 ) i Mass of ice, = 4962.8 kilogram ( App. 1, Eqn 2 ) Specifications 3- Heating Duty Latent heat of merger of ice= 333 kJ/Kg ( Bird, 2003 ) i Minimum warming responsibility = 1652.6 MJ ( App 1, Eqn 3 ) Specifications 4 – The utility de-icing fluid The atmospheric temperature in MSP airdrome during the de-icing season is 20oF ( -29oC ) therefore the replacement ADF stop deading point must be less than 20oC in order to keep its functionality. Additionally it must supply a freezing point depression of more than 20oC as a consequence of this ambient temperature. All the stakeholders agreed that merchandise safety is of topmost importance, so the replacement ADF should be less toxic than ethylene-glycol. Additionally they agree that the one-year natural stuff costs of the new cubing method should be less than that of the current method. Two ways to make this are to utilize less cubing fluid per plane in the first case ; this should be less than the 408 gallons per aircraft required by the current de-icing method ( App. 1, Eqn. 9 ) , or to recycle the de-icing fluid.GENERATION AND SCREENING OF IDEASThe squad worked separately and brainstormed together to assist maximize the figure of good thoughts that were generated. Whilst making so they reflected upon the merchandise specifications to and stakeholder demands to assist test thoughts.De-icing IdeasDe-icing boots – Rubber boots are attached to the front borders of wings on the plane. The aircraft inflates these boots with air to do ice that take ice that has accumulated on them. An unacceptable hazard of utilizing this method in MSP is that the system must be activated every bit shortly as a before an big ice bed can organize and hit other parts of the plane when it dislodges. Bleed air- In this method hot air from the aircraft engines is blasted on to the ice to run it. Although this could run ice really rapidly the airdrome director at MSP airdromes commented that incorporating heating systems on to aircraft is â€Å" non ideal for commercial planes because it ‘s expensive † . Mechanical Scraping/Blowing Employees use coppices, or fabrics to physically force ice off the aircraft. This method would be really easy to set into pattern at MSP because the equipment the required is really inexpensive. But it is more likely that harm will be done to aeroplanes as the employees scrape ice so the resulting aircraft care cost is could be really high. A propene ethanediol based de-icing fluid – Propylene ethanediol is a popular de-icing fluid and is regarded as non-toxic, hence it was chosen for farther probe.Decision MatrixThe interviews that were conducted with the stakeholders highlighted that some client demands are more of import than others. Although the importance of some specific demands differed in each stakeholder group four demands were systematically rated as indispensable. These standards were analysed in a determination matrix with weighing Markss taken from Table 1 Table 2- Decision Matrix which focuses on the alternate deinking methodsOptionEthylene Glycol( Benchmark ) APropylene GlycolInfrared + Propylene-glycolStandardsBurdeningtungstenRatingMarkRatingMarkRatingMarkSafetyA 5 2 10 4 20 7 35Life CostA 4 5 20 5 20 6 24SpeedA 3 A 5 15 A 4 16 6 18Environmental impactA 2 A 1 2 A 5 10 6 14EntireA 14 A 13 47 A 18 66 A 25 91 Harmonizing to this determination matrix the best de-icing solution should be based on a combination of infrared and propylene ethanediol de-icers is the best as this option has the highest sore. The 2nd best method would be to utilize an ADF which is based on propene ethanediol instead than ethylene ethanediol.SELECTION OF IDEASA comparing of ethylene-glycol and propylene ethanediols based de-icing fluidsThe most freezing point sedatives in aircraft de-icing fluids in the US are ethylene ethanediol ( EG ) and propylene ethanediol ( PG ) . Because PG and EG have a similar life-time cost, in this chapter the chemicals will be compared at a 50 % concentration by volume in footings of their safety, de-icing velocity and environmental impact because these are three of the most of import needs the stakeholders. Safety Ethylene ethanediol has a comparatively high toxicity when compared to Propylene-Glycol. It has been classed by the US Congress as a risky air pollutant ( HAP ) , if 2268 kilogram or more flights into the environment within 24 hours users are obligated to describe the event under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act ( CERCL ) . However propylene ethanediol is non classified as a HAP, and users are non required to inform CERCL if it is released. Both chemicals are said to be non-lethal if worlds if they are breathed in with air or adsorbed through tegument. However, unlike PG, EG is toxic to worlds and mammals if it is ingested straight. Even though PG it is regarded as non-toxic it is still a wellness jeopardy because it uses O as it biodegrades which could do some beings to smother. De-icing Speed The freezing point of Propylene-glycol is -34oC which is somewhat higher than ethylene-glycol which freezes at -37oC. This is one of the grounds why MSP airdrome still uses EG. Another is that a lower volume of antifreeze is required for EG to accomplish the same freeze point depression as PG. MSP airdrome suffers severe conditions extremes so it needs to utilize an ADF which is dependable, particularly in highly cold conditions as this is by and large when it takes longer to defrost aircraft Propylene-glycol ‘s boiling point is 106oC whereas ethene ethanediol has a boiling point of 102.2oC for ethene ethanediol. In this instance Propylene-glycol is the better pick because it can reassign heat to frost at a higher temperature than ethylene ethanediol. Discussion There are some drawbacks with respect to utilizing ethylene ethanediol as a de-icing fluid, particularly refering its environmental impact. But, overall EG and PG have a similar de-icing public presentation degree.The Rate of Melting due to Heat Conduction EntirelyThe ADF is heated to 70oC before it is sprayed onto the plane, this heat entirely will do the ice to run through heat conductivity. The rate of this warming was calculated utilizing equation 1a, 1a ) Where Q= is the heat flow rate in the X-direction in kJ/s, A is the country normal to the way of heat flow in M2, dT/dx is the temperature gradient and K is the thermic conduction of ice The thermic conduction of ice at -20oC is 2.39 W/mK, the country normal to the way of heat flow is equal to the flying country of the Boeing 747 =541.2m2, the temperature alteration that occurs is ( 70oC- -20oc ) =90oC and the thickness of the ice x is 0.01m. Therefore the rate of heat transportation by the temperature of the de-icing fluid alone is 2a ) The reasonable heat is kJ ( App. 1, Eqn 12 ) The latent heat of merger is 1652612.4 kJ, ( App.1, Eqn 3 ) Summarizing the above gives the sum of het required to run the ice on a Boeing 747 from a starting temperature of -20oC which is Hence minimal clip that it would take to run the ice on the plane by heat conductivity entirely is This is a really fast clip, particularly as harmonizing to the undertaking brief, de-icing at MSP airdrome usually takes 10 proceedingss per plane. One ground ground for this difference is due to the fact that the ADF fluid is non ever in full contact with ice, merely its bottom surface is. Additionally these computations assume that heat transportation occurs over the whole of each flying equally, which is non the instance in existent life because de-icing fluid is sprayed onto the wing in different locations consistently. A concluding cause of this difference could be due to the fact that snow has a lower heat conduction, K, than ice and so any snow on a plane would take down the rate of heat transportation from the ADF.Entire SOLUTION TECHNOLOGYDrive-Through De-icingFigure 3 – An illustration of the thrust through de-icing engineering The concluding design construct was to carry on de-icing operations as a thrust through system. First the aircraft enters the Infrared airdock where and warm air blows snow of its wings whilst they are heated by infrared radiation for a typical continuance of 5-10 proceedingss. Ice on the plane thaws onto an inclined incline and the effluent is channelled into the waste aggregation zone. Water is channelled through bing storm H2O pipes into substructure to the located under the floor of the crop-dusting and waste aggregation country. The effluent is pumped out and transferred by a truck into the airdrome ‘s detainment pools. When the effluent has been removed compaction stoppers are removed and the plane moves into the spraying country. Here it is sprayed with propene ethanediol for up to 5 proceedingss to assist forestall any ice forming on it before takeoff. The propene ethanediol drains into a separate country of the aggregation chamber and is pumped to a detainment pool until it is due to be recycled. Finally the compaction plus are reinstalled so the system is ready to defrost another plane. Recycling Solution Minneapolis presently uses three Glycol Recovery Vehicles to roll up effluent. Using the IR installation eliminates the demand to defrost aircraft utilizing ethanediol by around 90 % , so no more of these vehicles will necessitate to be bought if the new engineering is adopted. Besides the airdrome has saved capital costs by utilizing their bing storm H2O drains to roll up both ethanediol and storm H2O. These storm drains can and should go on to be used if MSP airdrome adopts the Drive-Through De-icing system to salvage hard currency and clip during the installing of the new system. Harmonizing to ( Big book ) â€Å" Careful direction of the keeping systems enables the airdrome to roll up adequate effluent with high ethanediol concentrations to do glycol recycling/recovery economically feasible. † The bulk of ethanediol which is recycled is sold to makers who use it in other glycol-based merchandises. Analysis OF ECONOMIC VIABLITY Rate of return on investing ( ROI ) 3a ) Payback Time 3b )=2.5 old agesUnfortunately the payback clip on the thrust through de-icing method is non fast plenty to fulfill the Airport Directors at MSP who expect a payback clip of â€Å" 1.5-2 old ages † . A higher rate of return on investing would cut down the payback clip so it would be wise to look into extra ways to cut down the cost of de-icing utilizing this engineering, and ways to better its efficiency. Patent issues Because this entire solution engineering uses de-icing methods which have been used in industry antecedently, but it combines them in a alone manner it is hard to measure whether or non it can be patented. Furthermore, it is expected that it would take a long clip to patent the merchandise even if it were possible because of its complexness and usage of old de-icing thoughts. The writer has recommended that MSP airdrome consults a attorney sing these affairs if they do non necessitate to utilize the de-icing solution instantly. If MSP airdrome do necessitate to utilize the engineering instantly they might hold to pay licence fees to one or more patent proprietors. Decision The findings from this probe have shown that the solution engineering that MSP airdrome should utilize to better its aircraft de-icing solution involves utilizing infrared warming and a propene ethanediol as a utility chemical for ethylene-glycol. The procedure is called the â€Å" thrust through method † and the major advantages of this intercrossed solution are that it meets the demands of its stakeholders by being safe, holding a low life-time cost, fast aircraft de-icing rate and low environmental impact. Evidence of this has been provided through a determination matrix and several mathematical ratings. Unfortunately this solution has a payback clip of 2.5 old ages, so research should be carried out to uncover how to do the one-year rate of return on the investing higher. Finally, this intercrossed system uses patented engineering so MSP airdrome might hold to pay license fees for a figure of old ages if it used the thrust through method. However, after the payback period the one-year economy of $ 70,844,300 per twelvemonth outweighs any of these drawbacks. Further Recommendations Find ways to cut the operating cost of the Drive-Through De-icing system as this will raise the one-year rate of return that this engineering provides. If the rate of return is high plenty the payback clip will drop below 2 old ages and the airdrome directors in MSP will hold this demand fulfilled. Use hot air to blow snow off the aircraft in the IR airdock. This will assist to run the snow and ice excessively, nevertheless the cost of warmin+ 3.0g air may countervail the benefit of a faster de-icing clip. Nb, as shown by the weightings, tungsten, in Table 1, the life-time cost of the engineering is more of import that the de-icing velocity that it provides.MentionsBooks and DiariesBird J.O. , 2003, Science for technology, pp. 205, Newnes, 2003, UK Ketler P. , Mosher M. , Scott A. , 2008, Chemistry: The Practical Science, media enhanced edition, Cengage Learning, pp. 478, UK Kotz J.C. , Paul T. , Townsend R.J. , 2009, Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, Cengage Learning, pp. 15, USA Tsokos K.A. , 2010, Cambridge Physics for the IB Diploma, pp. 172, Cambridge University Press, UK Sinnot R.K. , 2005, Coulson and Richardson ‘s Chemical Engineering Series: Chemical Engineering Design, pp. 439, Butterworth-Heinmann, UKOnline ResourcesMSP Airport, 2010, About Us, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mspairport.com/about-msp.aspx, 24/10/2010 RSS Weather, 2003, Minneapolis-St. Paul, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rssweather.com/climate/Minnesota/Minneapolis-St.Paul, 23/10/10 Airliners.Net, 2010, The Boeing 747-400, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main? id=100, 20/10/2010 BBC, 25/10/2007, A380 superjumbo lands in Sydney, hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7061164.stm, 19/10/2010 Energy Information Administration, October 2010, Electric Power Monthly, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/epm.pdf, 15/10/2010 Wingss Magazine, 2007, Infrared De-icing: Giving glycol a tally for its money, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wingsmagazine.com/content/view/1325/38/ , 23/10/10APPENDICIESAppendix 1Specifications 2 -The instance survey aircraft and its ice coverageThe mass of ice on a plane was calculated utilizing a worst instance scenario, which was that one of the biggest commercial rider planes ; the Boeing-747 ( BBC, 2007 ) needed to be de-iced. It was assumed that the top country of both its wings was covered by a 1cm thick bed of ice. Flying country ( Boeing-747 ) = 541.2 M2 Ice Thickness = 0.01m Ice Coverage 100 % of flying country ( 1 ) Density of ice, I?ice = 917kg/m3 ( Kotz, 2009 ) ( 2 )Specifications 3 -Heating DutyThe ice on the aircraft needed to be provided with adequate energy to get the better of its 333kJ/Kglatent heat of merger, L, to run. The sum of heat energy, Q, required to accomplish this was calculated utilizing Equation 3 ( 3 ) ( Bird, 2003 )Specifications 4 – The utility de-icing fluidIn this subdivision the volume of ethene ethanediol and propene ethanediol needed to defrost a individual Boeing-747 will be calculated and compared. The prosodies are based upon a 50 % by volume solution of each chemical. Volume of Ethylene Glycol Required The freeze point depression of an ideal solution is given by the expression ( 5 ) Where a?† Tf represents the freeze point depression, m, is the solute concentration and Kf represents the freeze point depression invariable of H2O which is 1.86A °KA ·kg/mol ( Kilter P. , Mosher M. and Scott A. Andrew Scott, 2008 ) The coveted freeze point depression, a?† Tf is 20oC because winter temperatures in MSP autumn to that temperature, harmonizing to the undertaking brief. ( 6 ) The figure of moles of ethanediol required to accomplish the freeze point depression: ( 7 ) The chemical expression of ethylene-glycol is CH2OHCH2OH Mr Carbon = 12, Oxygen=16, Hydrogen=1 iMr ethene ethanediol = 2*16+2*12 + 1*6= 62 g/mol Therefore the mass of ethylene-glycol required per plane is: ( 8 ) The denseness of UCAR ADF at 20oC is 8.9 lb/gal ( US ) ( 1.07 kg/L ) ( SAE AMS 1424 Ethylene Glycol-Based Type I Fluids page 8 ) Therefore the volume of ethylene-glycol required is at least 408 US gallons ( 9 ) Because the de-icing fluid used in MSP airdrome is 50 % ethylene-glycol and about 50 % H2O, defrosting a individual plane would necessitate duplicate the sum of ADF which works out at 6,184 liters.The cost of ethene ethanediol per aircraftIn general the chemical constituents in de-icing fluids, such as H2O, have a sum cost which is well less than that of ethylene-glycol. Hence the cost of these constituents in de-icing unstable solutions as deemed insignificant and ignored. Harmonizing to the airdrome director that was interviewed the minimal cost of a gallon of ethene ethanediol is $ 5 per US gallon ( 10 ) In MSP airdrome there is an norm of 293 takeoffs per twenty-four hours from 5 de-icing tablets ( MSP Airport, 2010 ) Assuming that during the de-icing season in MSP lasts 157 yearss and every plane needs to be de-iced the one-year cost of ADF is about ( 11 ) Reasonable heat required Harmonizing to the undertaking brief winter temperatures in Minneapolis Saint Paul autumn to-20oC. Ice must be brought to its runing point of 0oC before it can undergo a stage alteration from solid to liquid. Where Cp is the specific heat capacity of ice at -20oC which is 2 kJ/kg/K, ( Tsokos KA, 2010 ) , m is the mass of ice and a?† T is the temperature difference ( 12 ) Harmonizing to Wingsmagazine ( 2010 ) Ian Sharkey, the manager of de-icing services, with Radiant Aviation Services stated that during an ice storm on March 15-16, 2007 his squad had an â€Å" norm aircraft â€Å" block † clip ( aircraft brakes on to brakes off ) of less than 43 proceedingss for big aircraft † hence it was assumed that the Boeing 747 could be de-iced in this timeframe every bit good. This information was used to gauge the power that the IR deice would necessitate to convey the ice on an aircraft from -15oC to 0oC in 43 proceedingss, ( 13 ) Latent heat required Next was calculated which is the power needed to run the ice on the aircraft at 0oC in 47 proceedingss. ( 14 ) Therefore the entire power needed to run ice on the aircraft in 43 proceedingss by utilizing infrared deink engineering, QIR is ( 15 ) To do the value of QIR more realistic some premises refering the sum of energy loss, between the heat beginning and the wing were added. From this the excess power that the optical maser will necessitate to give out in order to get the better of the inferred energy lost as between the beginning and its finish ( transport efficiency ) and the energy lost due to contemplation by the ice on the surface of the wing ( absorption efficiency ) was calculated. Laser device efficiency, I ·laser=0.33, Transport efficiency, I ·transport = 0.75 Absorption efficiency, I ·absorbtion =0.75 The optical maser device, conveyance and soaking up efficiencies cut down the sum of energy that heats the ice. This is called the efficiency loss, 1-I ·i, and it was calculated as follows,( 16 ) Hence, ( 17 ) Similarly, ( 18 ) Hence, the per centum excess energy, , required to cover for these energy losingss is ( 19 ) In existent footings ( 20 ) From this the entire IR power required to run ice from ice from its initial temperature of -20oC ( 21 ) = 586kW+227.9kW +1090.5kW= 1904.4 kilowattCost of de-icing utilizing IR energyConvert to kWh, The entire IR energy demand was converted into kWh as the de-icing clip of about 43 proceedingss for a Boeing 747 in highly rough conditions ( wingsmagazine, 2010 ) ( 22 ) In Minnesota during 2010 the â€Å" Average Retail Monetary value of Electricity to Ultimate clients † within was $ 0.068 per kWh ( Electric power monthly, 2010 ) Therefore the estimated the cost of defrosting a Boeing 747, by IR radiation in 43 proceedingss is: ( 23 ) We must account for the cost of anti-icing fluid ; this 10 % of the normal sum of ethanediol ( 24 ) Hence, ( 25 ) This system runs for 157days, with 293 takeoffs per twenty-four hours which gives an one-year running cost of approximately $ 26.8 million per tablet. ( 26 ) The capital cost of the IR de-icing tablets The JFK airdrome is a hub airdrome runs commercial rider flights in a similar manner to the the MSP airdrome. The JFK airdrome cost â€Å" $ 9.5-million † and can keep big aircraft such as the Boeing 747, which this study focuses on. Due to these similarities it can be assumed that the cost of the IR installation in 2010 will be around US $ 9.5 million every bit good. However a cost index should be used because the IR installation in JFK airdrome was commissioned in 2006 ( Wingsmagazine, 2010 ) The cost of the hanger was scaled up utilizing the CEPCI, so that it would be accurate for 2010. The latest information available to us was the CEPCI for 2008, it was 575.4 so and as of April 2010 it is 55.3 ( Access Intelligence, LLC 2010 ) . Taking this into history an estimation of the cost of the hanger in 2010 was made. ( Eqn 27 ) ( 27 ) There are five IR de-icing tablets so the entire capital cost is $ 49,219,345 Fixed cost – Staff fees The IR airdock, spray country and aggregation country will each hold a supervisor and operator, working an 8 hr, 9AM-5PM displacement for 5 yearss per hebdomad. Their wages will be ?18,000 ( technician ) and ?24,000 ( supervisor ) . The senior director for each de-icing tablet will hold a wage of $ 30,000. MSP will necessitate 5 new IR de-icing tablets to replace the 5 EG de-icing tablets that they presently use.